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Q: Qu'est-ce-que c'est en Anglais (GB)? The harder he works, the worse he sleeps.

Why we need to put THE in front of adverb here and it's not even superlative form of it.
Can we say it without definite article?
A:
Hi Tatyana. You could call me Mike if you like: my name is Michael, and it's my preferred short form :)
I hope it's good that work keeps you busy: I suppose that depends on how you feel about the work, and on busy being pleasantly busy and not too overloaded.
I'm glad that my explanation helped: it's hard to know if an explanation makes things clearer or less clear!

You are right about the uses of the -ing form, tenses with a continuous (or progressive) aspect: these are for when you want to stress or bring out the continuing nature of an action over a period of time.

In the present tense, of course, the continuous aspect also signals that the action is not yet complete. "Finish your report." "I am finishing it!" This means that I am working on it now and am nearing completion, but have not yet finished it. As soon as the report is finished, we can say "I have finished it!" (Or "I've finished!") The present perfect here signals that the action is recently completed. We know that it has an influence in the present, too, as we are still responding to the person who wanted to know if we had finished.

Your example questions:

"We stayed there for two weeks (past not connected with now)." This is perfect - in the sense that this is correct!

"We have stayed there for 2 weeks ( meaning just recently, can I use there in this case?)" You can use this exacly like this, but it's better to adjust it a little: as it is it looks like a mistake in choice of tense. Normally, this would be better in the simple past: "We stayed there for two weeks."

But you could find these words, in specific cases:
"I expect that you've never spent a night in Russia." "We have stayed there, for 2 weeks last year (or some specific time in the past.)" Then the "have" is an emphatic rejection of the assumption in the previous statement. In this context this is OK.

"We have been staying here for 2 weeks (means I am still at the place)." This is exactly right (correct, perfect!)

Often, we would simplify this and leave out the "staying". "We've been here for two weeks." The "staying" is implied by the "being", so to speak! If you meet someone, who asks "How long have you been here?" or ""Have you been here long?" then you can reply "We've been here for two weeks. "

But if you are talking about a hotel or some place that you are living in - a rented apartment, a friend's house - then you could well say exactly "We have been staying here for two weeks." In this use, the "staying" implies sleeping at that place for those two weeks. The action is continuous in the grammatical sense that you have slept there every night for the two weeks (and are still due to sleep there at least tonight) but obviously not continuous in the logical sense of sleeping all the time: clearly you'd normally spend a lot of the day awake, and probably out of the hotel and doing things!

"I had stayed there for two weeks before he came (means that I would like to mention about my stay before)." This is all correct. This would be part of a narration moslty told in the simple past tense. Again, unless you are talking about a hotel or other residence you would probably leave out the "staying." "I had been there for two weeks before he arrived / came."

You're welcome! But lack of patience, as my wife ocasionally reminds me, is one of my bigger weaknesses, usually - along with answering too fully! i hope this has made sense, and has not left you more confused than before!

Mike

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